Anti-penetrating Sandwich Structure

ABSTRACT

The proposed new structure, Anti-penetrating Sandwich Structure, can protect the building underground.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The anti-penetrating sandwich structure is built under the ground's surface as a protective measure for buildings underneath it, when under attack by penetrating weapons.

BACKGROUND

Important buildings that were constructed underground can survive an attack by external forces. However, the invention of penetrating weapons has increased the difficulty of solving the problem of protecting buildings from the new ordinance. In view of this, the anti-penetrating sandwich structure is built above the underground building to prevent the destruction of the buildings underneath it from attacks which employ penetrating weapons.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

-   I. Structural Materials -   1. The anti-penetrating sandwich structure built under the ground's     surface consists of “Surface soil+parallel combined steel structure     (or RC structure)+energy dissipating material+parallel combined     steel structure (or RC structure)+energy dissipating     material+parallel combined steel structure (or RC     structure)+underground seismic building” from top downwards. -   2. The combined steel structure consists of steel plates or welded     section steels. The variations of combined steel structure include     the following:     -   (1) Welded box beam structure     -   (2) Plate girder structure     -   (3) Single folded plate structure -   3. The parallel combined steel structure is a combined steel     structure arranged in parallel or piled pattern of design, and then     combined through welding. -   4. Energy dissipating materials     -   (1) Engineering plastics         -   A. The accurate measurement of elasticity modulus and             poisson's ratio is very important in regard to the             correctness of the structural analysis.         -   B. During research and development of the engineering             plastics, it is necessary to consider its flammability, and             an experiment on energy dissipation should be performed as             test reference.     -   (2) Soil         -   A. The accurate calculation of elasticity modulus and             poisson's ratio is very important in regard to the             correctness of the soil analysis.         -   B. For selection of sand-gravel, the size gradation of             aggregate must be executed according to the soil             categorization system, and an experiment on energy             dissipation should be performed as test reference. -   5. When the engineering plastic is used as the energy dissipating     material, the thermal expansion coefficient must be considered for     adhesion between the engineering plastic and the parallel combined     steel structure. Adhesive can be used to compensate for small     difference in thermal expansion coefficient; for large difference in     thermal expansion coefficient, the parallel combined steel structure     can be nailed and then secured together with the engineering     plastic. -   II. Structural Shape -   1. The arch structure is a parallel combined steel structure that     exhibits an upward arching pattern. -   2. The grid beams and panel surface are the structural patterns     above the RC (Reinforced Concrete), welded box or section steel grid     beams, and are bonded to the parallel combined steel structure with     adhesives. -   3. The plane structure is the combined steel structure arranged in     parallel pattern on a plane. -   III. Structural Design -   1. The objective of structural design is to provide resistance to     each layer against the penetrating weapons, so that the energy     dissipating materials have sufficient elasticity for shape recovery. -   2. After the penetrating weapon hits the surface soil, the     penetrating force is dispersed downwards to the parallel combined     steel structure on the 1^(st) layer where the energy dissipating     material on this layer can dissipate the force. -   3. Structural Design     -   (1) Stage 1         -   A. Assume that the parallel combined steel structure on the             2^(nd) layer is rigid and that the strength of the parallel             combined steel structure on the 1^(st) layer is sufficient             to resist the penetration of penetrating weapons, so that             the energy dissipating material on the 1^(st) layer can             disperse the force to the parallel combined steel structure             on the 2^(nd) layer and completely dissipate the penetrating             force. Under such prerequisite, the required dimension             derived from structural analysis can act as the design basis             for the parallel combined steel structure for the 1^(st)             layer. For the structural design, please refer to the             mechanics of the materials, structural mechanics, structural             dynamics and the finite element method. For the soil             analysis, please refer to the mechanics of materials, soil             mechanics, soil dynamics and the finite element method.         -   B. The parallel combined steel structure on the 2^(nd) layer             is similar to the parallel combined steel structure on the             1^(st) layer.         -   C. For the parallel combined steel structure on the 3^(rd)             layer, the energy dissipating material of the lower layers             can adopt the following materials:             -   i. Engineering plastics                 -   a. If engineering plastics are used as energy                     dissipating material on the 1^(st) and 2^(nd)                     layers, the engineering plastics with the same                     thickness can be used as the buffering energy                     dissipating material between the parallel combined                     steel structure on the 3^(rd) layer and the                     underground building.                 -   b. If soil is used as the energy dissipating                     material on the 1^(st) and 2^(nd) layers, the energy                     dissipation behavior will involve both elastic and                     plastic deformation. Please refer to the mechanics                     of materials, structural mechanics, structural                     dynamics and the finite element method for                     structural analysis.             -   ii. Soil                 -   a. If engineering plastics are used as the energy                     dissipating material on the 1^(st) and 2^(nd)                     layers, the energy dissipation behavior will involve                     the draining of the void water, and soil                     compressiveness. Please refer to the mechanics of                     materials, soil mechanics, soil dynamics and the                     finite element method for soil analysis.                 -   b. If soil is used as the energy dissipating                     material on the 1^(st) and 2^(nd) layers, soil with                     the same mixing ratio and thickness can be used as                     the buffering energy dissipating material between                     the parallel combined steel structure on the 3^(rd)                     layer and the underground building.     -   (2) Stage 2         -   Execute the overall analysis on the anti-penetrating             sandwich structure to confirm the force status and make             further adjustments as necessary.     -   (3) Stage 3         -   Evaluate the probability of repetitive attack on a fixed             point and carry out Stage 1 and 2 analyses, respectively, to             confirm the force status and make further adjustments as             necessary. -   4. Depending on actual requirements, determine if the pile     foundation shall be erected at end-points, so that the penetrating     force from the penetrating weapon can be dispersed to deeper ground.

REFERENCE

Structure Systems, Heinrich Engel, 1981. 

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